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A short Review of Post-exposure Prophylaxis and Preventive Treatment

Placide Mbala Serra

Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) is a preventive treatment strategy used to reduce the risk of acquiring an infection after potential exposure to a specific pathogen. PEP is commonly employed in situations involving recent exposure to HIV, although it can also be utilized for other infections such as hepatitis B and C. The effectiveness of PEP depends on various factors, including the type of infection, the timing of initiation, and adherence to the prescribed regimen. Prompt administration of PEP within 72 hours (preferably within 24-48 hours) of exposure is crucial for optimal effectiveness. PEP for HIV typically involves a 28-day course of antiretroviral medications to inhibit viral replication and decrease the likelihood of establishing a permanent infection. However, it is important to note that PEP is not 100% effective and its success varies depending on multiple factors. While PEP can significantly reduce the risk of HIV transmission, it is not a substitute for regular preventive measures such as safe sex practices, condom usage, and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for high-risk individuals. PEP can also be considered for potential exposure to hepatitis B and, in certain specific cases, hepatitis C. Healthcare providers play a critical role in assessing the risk of infection, evaluating the appropriateness of PEP, and providing guidance on the correct use of medications. Timely medical attention and open communication with healthcare professionals are vital in ensuring the most effective outcomes of PEP and minimizing the risk of infection.