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An Ultra-Sensitive LC Method for Simultaneous Determination of Rosuvastatin, Alprazolam and Diclofenac Sodium in API, Pharmaceutical Formulations and Human Serum by Programming the Detector

Najma Sultana, Muhammad Saeed Arayne and Saeeda Nadir Ali

Here, we report a rapid and efficient liquid chromatographic method with UV detection for the simultaneous determination of rosuvastatin, alprazolam and diclofenac sodium in API, pharmaceutical formulations and human serum employing a reversed phase Bondapak C₁₈ (25 cm, 0.46 cm, 10 μm) column at room temperature using methanol: water (80:20 v/v) and pH adjusted to 2.9 with 85% o-phosphoric acid. Separation was achieved within a time span of 6 min. The detector response was monitored at 240 nm and the flow rate was set at 1.0 mL.min^-1. Various LC parameters were optimized and developed method was validated as per ICH (2006) guidelines. Linear calibration range was determined to be 0.02-0.64, 0.125-4.0 and 0.05-1.6 μg.mL^-1 and detection and quantitation limits were found to be 4.0, 17.0, 7.0 and 12.0, 52.0, 22.0 ng.mL^-1 for rosuvastatin, alprazolam and diclofenic sodium respectively. Method was linear for all analytes with correlation coefficients >0.998. The intra-day and inter-day accuracy and precision of the assay were in acceptable range of 98.21-101.91% recovery and 0.20-2.07% RSD. The sensitivity of the method was enhanced when the chromatograms were analyzed by programming the detector at individual λ_max of 244, 222 and 284 nm for rosuvastatin, alprazolam and diclofenac sodium respectively. High peak intensity was observed on injecting same sample concentration after the detector was programmed. Linearity was obtained even at lower concentrations of 0.02-0.64, 0.05-1.60 and 0.02-0.64 μg.mL^-1. LOD and LOQ values shifted down to 3.0, 6.0, 1.0 and 9.0, 19.0, 3.0 ng.mL^-1 respectively. Recovery was found to be in the range of 98.32-101.87% and inter-day and intra-day precision was less than 2.10%. The proposed method was found to be robust and successfully employed for the determination of studied drugs in commercial formulations and human serum without interference of excipients or endogenous components of serum.