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Bloodstream infection rates and their association with differently designed needle-free connectors
Victor D. Rosenthal
During 6-year study period, from January 2012-December 2017, in 523 intensive care units (ICUs) in 45 countries from Latin America, Europe, Eastern Mediterranean, Southeast Asia, and Western Pacific, prospective data from 532,483 ICU patients hospitalized in 242 hospitals, members of International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC), for an aggregate of 2,197,304 patient days, were collected through INICC Surveillance Online System (ISOS). US CDC-NHSN definitions for central line associated bloodstream infection (CLAB) were applied. In the medical-surgical ICUs of INICC, the pooled CLAB rate was 5.05 and in US ICUs was 0.8 per 1,000 central line-days. During 6-year study period, from September 1st, 2013 to 31st May, 2019, a prospective, surveillance study on peripheral line associated BSI (PLAB) conducted by INICC, in 727 ICUs, from 268 hospitals in 141 cities of 42 countries of Africa, the Americas, Eastern Mediterranean, Europe, South East Asia, and Western Pacific regions. Were followed 149,609 ICU patients for 731,135 bed-days and 743,508 peripheral line (PL) -days. Were identified 1,789 PLABs, amounting to a rate of 2.41/1000 PL-days.
Mortality in patients with PL but without PLAB was 6.67%, and 18% in patients with PL and with PLAB. The length of stay in patients with PL but without PLAB was 4.83 days, and 9.85 days in patients with PL and PLAB. Between April 2012 and August 2014, a Randomized Clinical Trial (RCT) with 1,096 patients in 5 ICUs was conducted in India. We compared Needle-free connectors (NFCs) vs three-way stopcocks (3WSCs) to analyze impact on CLAB rates. The study included 547 patients and 3619 central line (CL)-days for the NFC group, and 549 patients and 4061 CL-days for the 3WSC group. CLAB rates were 2.21 per 1000 CL-days for NFC and 6.40 per 1000 CL-days for 3WSC (RR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.16-0.76; P 0.006). Using a NFC for each extra dollar invested resulted in a savings of $124.