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Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA): An Essential Tool in Immunological Research and Diagnostic Applications

Dr. Mika Wang

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) is a widely used immunological technique that allows for the detection and quantification of specific antigens or antibodies in biological samples. It combines the principles of antigen-antibody binding with enzymatic amplification to generate measurable signals. ELISA has various formats, including indirect, direct, sandwich, and competitive ELISA, each with its advantages and limitations. This article provides an overview of the principle, types, and applications of ELISA, as well as the factors influencing its performance. ELISA is a crucial tool in immunological research and diagnostic applications, contributing to disease diagnosis, biomarker discovery, drug development, and vaccine development. The emerging trends in ELISA technology, such as microfluidic platforms and multiplexing capabilities, are also discussed. ELISA continues to play a pivotal role in advancing our understanding of immunology and improving healthcare outcomes.