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Methylation markers in colorectal cancer: current updates and future prospective

Ahmed Khamas Alhumairi

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer in males and the second in females and the fourth most common cause of death worldwide with a major impact on societies across the globe. Powerful avoidance techniques that incorporate early analytic tests through screening programs are important to diminish malignancy frequency and mortality.Both genetic and epigenetic alterations can cooperate in CRC initiation and progression. DNA methylation, histone modifications, and microRNA expression are epigenetic alterations in cancer. Aberrant DNA methylation changes, that are both stable and inheritable, occur early in carcinogenesis, thus it could be used as a noninvasive biomarkers for early detection and prognosis of cancers. In addition, methylation biomarkers can help in predicting response or resistance to chemotherapy.