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Nerve Conduction Tests and EMG in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: A Comprehensive Assessment

Maseru Burke

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) is a prevalent and debilitating condition characterized by the compression of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel of the wrist. Early diagnosis and effective management are essential for mitigating symptoms and preventing long-term nerve damage. Nerve conduction tests (NCT) and electromyography (EMG) are widely employed diagnostic tools to evaluate the extent of nerve impairment and guide treatment decisions. This abstract summarizes the current understanding of the utility of NCT and EMG in the assessment of CTS. NCT serves as a valuable initial screening tool for CTS, offering objective measurements of nerve conduction velocity and amplitude. Abnormal findings, such as prolonged distal latencies and reduced sensory nerve action potentials, are indicative of nerve dysfunction. Furthermore, NCT can aid in differentiating CTS from other conditions that mimic its symptoms, ensuring a more accurate diagnosis. EMG complements NCT by providing insights into the severity and localization of nerve damage in CTS. By assessing muscle activity, EMG can detect denervation changes, fibrillation potentials, and sharp waves, which are indicative of chronic nerve compression. This information is vital in determining the appropriateness of surgical intervention and predicting post-operative outcomes. Combined, NCT and EMG offer a comprehensive diagnostic approach to CTS, allowing healthcare providers to tailor treatment plans to the specific needs of each patient. Conservative treatments, such as wrist splints and physical therapy, are often recommended for mild cases based on NCT and EMG findings. In more severe or refractory cases, surgical release of the carpal tunnel may be indicated, with EMG aiding in the selection of appropriate candidates. An integrated approach, combining clinical assessment with these electrodiagnostic techniques, ensures a more accurate diagnosis and tailored treatment plan for individuals suffering from CTS.