生化学と生理学: オープンアクセス

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Structure and Function of Protein

Smita Mohanty

A host of micro and macromolecules are responsible for the proper functioning of a living cell. Among them, proteins are the most important and versatile macromolecules and carry out essentially all biological functions in the cells of living systems. Proteins present in the nasal fluid of vertebrates or in the sensillum lymph of insect antenna can smell, proteins present in mouth can taste, and proteins present in the eye lens can see. Proteins generate energy, transport and store different molecules, and in the immune system protect organism against diseases. Proteins provide mechanical support and generate movement, transmit nerve impulses, and control growth and differentiation in the living system. These are only a few of the wide variety of functions carried out by proteins which define the very existence of life. Understanding the structures, functions and interactions of proteins is critical for the advancement in the diagnosis and treatment of many diseases and disorders. Identification of particular structural features of a protein and correlating it to specific functions can provide insight into the mechanistic relationships, help to create working models of the complex biological systems and ultimately pave the way for the design of drug candidates through the discovery processes.